DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF “CYBER SECURITY” IN THE STATES AND INSTITUTIONS OF NATO MEMBER STATES AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Actuality. The article is devoted to the issue of harmonization of the main concepts of cyber security with the relevant global standards of international organizations and NATO member states, which is relevant for the North Atlantic and European integration directions of Ukraine’s development. The purpose of this study is to establish, by conducting a comparative analysis, common and distinctive features in domestic and foreign definitions of the concept of “cyber security”. The research methodology is based on the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, semantic and hermeneutic analysis, comparative-content method, etc. The article analyzes domestic and foreign approaches to the formation of the definition of the concept of “cyber security”. Special attention is paid to the consideration of this concept in the standards of international state and non-state professional organizations, in NATO guidelines, etc. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of new (2020-2024) standards, strategies and methodological recommendations developed in Ukraine and the institutions and organizations of the NATO member countries, and in comparison of the basic approaches they use to define the “cyber security” concept. Conclusions. The author comes to the conclusion that the definitions used in the normative base of NATO member states, leading international organizations and professional unions are not unified, the emphasis in them is on protective and technical (information and communication systems) functions; the definition proposed in the legislation of Ukraine, although it contributes to the diversity of disagreements among NATO countries and partner countries, but has a broader level of established tasks and objects, focuses not only on protective, but also preventive function, and that on our opinion is particularly significant, based on the approach of anthropocentrism; most of the existing definitions of the concept of cyber security can be divided into three large conditional groups based on the subject component referred to in the definitions: the first group includes definitions that focus on cyber security as a special state of cyberspace, the second includes consideration of cyber security as a set of technical, legal and management methods influence, to the third – emphasis on the activities of authorized subjects and professionals, the goal of which is the safe state of cyberspace.