CHERNESHCHUK IHOR. LOAD BALANCING IN LOCAL ELECTRISITY SYSTEMS

Abstract

Maintaining a balance between electricity generation and consumption is the most important condition for the stable operation of the electric power system. The ever-increasing share of renewable energy sources in the overall generation balance has a variable generation schedule, which makes it necessary to use new approaches to balancing the demand and supply of electric energy, while requiring a more prompt response to changes in demand and supply, which is especially important in local electric power systems (LES) to ensure stable, reliable and efficient operation of energy networks. When considering issues of balancing and flexibility of both generators and loads, it is necessary to distinguish types of balances. The article presents the following types of balances: balance of fuel and energy resources, balance of energy production (electrical and thermal) in UES of Ukraine, balance of electricity in electricity transmission grids, balance of electricity in electricity distribution networks, balance of energy in LES (Microgrid), balance of electricity in LES (Microgrid – Nanogrid). To consider the features of balancing electricity consumption in the LES, a system consisting of one generator and two loads, where the load is connected in parallel, is considered. The article considers three types of local electric power systems (LES), for which balancing conditions are obtained: direct current generator; alternator; alternating current system. On the basis of the given ratios regarding the balancing conditions for each selected type of LES, it is possible to assess the “nonoptimality” of electricity transfers, as well as to use the maintained balancing conditions when organizing the optimization process of transferring the value of generated and consumed electricity for participation in the electricity markets.